RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWERING BEHAVIOR AND SEED YIELD IN MUNGBEAN MUTANTS (Short communication)

Abstract

Flower is the prime sink that produces pods and yield depends on numbers and size of pods in legume crops. Flowering behavior affects the synchrony of pod maturity, which is crucial for efficient harvesing that regulates the yield. Thus, it is essential to study the relationship between flowering behavior and pod yield in mungbean mutants. This experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the BINA headquarters physiology pot yard. The aim was to assess the relationship between flowering patterns, flowering duration, and seed yield in ten mungbean mutants/varieties. Results indicated that high-yielding mutant (MM-1) produced more opened flowers (38.0 flowers per plant) and had a longer flowering duration (12 days) compared to low-yielding varieties/mutants (13.1-18.0 flowers per plant and 7-9 days). Additionally, high-yielding varieties exhibited higher flower production rates over time, with peak flower production occurring within 5-8 days, while low-yielding varieties peaked within 3-4 days. High-yielding mungbean mutants/varieties exhibit lower pod set and reproductive efficiency (48.7-55.0%) compared to low-yielding ones (63.2-70.9%), indicating potential for yield improvement in high-yielding genotypes through enhanced pod set. Pod number, a key yield parameter, has a significant positive correlation with flower number (r = 0.56**), while pod number is also dependent on flowers per plant (r = 0.68**). Additionally, seed yield shows a strong positive relationship with the harvest index (r = 0.62**). These findings suggest that future breeding efforts should focus on synchronizing flower production to increase mungbean yield.

References

Armin, W., Ashraf-Uz-Zaman, K., Zamil, S.S., Rabin, M.H., Bhadra, A.K. and Khatun, F. 2016. Combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of mung bean (Bari Mung 6). Int. J. of Sci. and Res. 6(7), 557-561.

Fakir, M.S.A., Mondal, M.M.A., Prodhan, A.A.U.D., Ismail, M.R. and Ashrafuzzaman, M. 2011a. Effect of nodal position on rachis morphology and yield attributes in raceme of mungbean ['Vigna radiata'(l.) Wilczek]. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(13),   1685-1691.

Fakir, M.S.A., Mondal, M.M.A., Ismail, M.R. and Ashrafuzzaman, M. 2011b. Flowering pattern and reproductive efficiency in mungbean. Int. J. Agric. Biol.13: 966-970.

Kadam, S.R., Jahagirdar, J.E., Kalpande, H.V., Kalyankar, S.V., Thakur, N.R., and Naik, G.H. 2023. Assessment of correlation in seed yield and yield contributing characters in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).

Kim, Y.U., Choi, D.H., Ban, H.Y., Seo, B.S., Kim, J. and Lee, B.W. 2020. Temporal patterns of flowering and pod set of determinate soybean in response to high temperature. Agronomy, 10(3), 414.

Kritika, R.Y. 2017. Correlation and Path Coefficients Analysis for Seed Yield and Micronutrients in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Int. J Pure App. Biosci, 5(1), 908-917.

Labuda, H. 2012. Flowering and characteristics of useful traits of some faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) cultivars and breeding lines. Acta Agrobotanica, 65(4).

Mondal, M.M.A., Rahman, M.A. and Akter, M.B. 2009. Flower production and yield in mungbean. Bangladesh J. Crop Sci, 20(2), 181-185.

Mondal M.M.A., Fakir, M.S.A., Prodhan, A.K.M.A., Ismail, M.R. and Ashrafuzzaman. M. 2011a. “Deflowering effect on vasculature and yield attributes in raceme of mungbean,” Australian Journal of Crop Science, Vol. 5, pp. 1339-1394.

Mondal, M.M.A., Hakim, M.A., Juraimi, A.S., and Azad, M.A.K. 2011b. Contribution of morpho-physiological attributes in determining the yield of mungbean. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(60), 12897-12904.

Mondal, M.M.A., Puteh, A.B., Malek, M.A., Ismail, M.R., Rafii, M.Y. and Latif, M.A. 2012. Seed yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in relation to growth and developmental aspects. The Sci. World J. 2012(1), 425168.

Mondal, M.M.A., Puteh, A.B., Malek, M.A. and Kabir, A.K.M.R. 2013a. Flowering pattern and reproductive efficiency in lentils. Legume Research, 36 (2): 153-157.

Mondal, M.M.A., Puteh, A.B., Malek, M.A. and Ashrafuzzaman, M. 2013b. Role of flowering pattern and duration of yield in mungbean. Res. on Crops, 14 (2): 471-477.

Ong, P.W., Lin, Y.P., Chen, H.W., Lo, C.Y., Burlyaeva, M., Noble, T., Nair, R.M., Schafleitner, R., Vishnyakova, M., Wettberg, E.B.V., Samsonova, M., Nuzhdin, S., Ting, C.T. and Lee, C.R. 2023. Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean. Elife, 12, e85725.

Russell, D.F. “MSTAT-C computer package program,” 1986. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, USA.

Seo, H., Kwon, H., Satyawan, D., Kim, M.Y., Ha, J. and Lee, S. H. 2023. Identification of novel loci for flowering time in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using genome-wide association study. Genes & Genomics, 45(7), 911-919.

Shihab Uddin, S.U., Shahnaj Parvin, S.P. and Awal, M.A. 2013. Morpho-physiological aspects of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to water stress.      

Suso, M.J., Bebeli, P.J., Christmann, S., Mateus, C., Negri, V., Pinheiro de Carvalho, M. A. and Veloso, M.M. 2013. Enhancing legume ecosystem services through an understanding of plant–pollinator interplay. Frontiers in plant sci. 7, 180939.

Wang, L., Lin, C., Li, B., Su, T., Li, S., Li, H. and Fang, C. 2023. Two soybean homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 control flowering time under long day conditions. The Crop J. 11(3), 704-712.

Wang, L., Wang, S., Luo, G., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Chen, H. and Cheng, X. 2022. Evaluation of the production potential of mung bean cultivar “Zhonglv 5”. Agronomy, 12(3), 707.

Wien, H.C. 2020. Correlative growth in vegetable plants. The physiology of vegetable crops, (Ed. 2), 117-137.